タグ: ENG_About_Japan

★★★★★ Normal, majority of Japanese people were poor. And their lives where cruel to them, yes, but can we just simplify this side of history, the history of the majority. Great Anthropology.

🔽 basic info 🔽
Nihon Zankoku Monogatari 1
(Japan cruel stories 1, Flock of poor people)
Miyamoto Tsuneichi et al, 1959
日本残酷物語1 貧しき人々の群れ
宮本常一 他
Read 2025.02
check on amazon.com
(Not available in English)


🔽 Book review and notes 🔽
Miyamoto is my favourite Japanese anthropologist. 
He focuses on folklores and local traditions, and he firmly believes on going to places on foot to meet the locals to learn about their local customs, of the normal people.

Normal people in Japan were poor. Many foreign travelers from 100 years ago or so all talk about how poor Japan was centuries ago. An English explorer Isabella Bird is a famous one among those.

Just over 100 years ago, majority of people in Japan suffered from poverty, living lives of thefts, killings, selling their bodies, disposing some family members (often their children of elderly) - to survive.
You might have heard of the tradition of getting rid of the elderly in the mountain, or newborns in the river "before they were considered living human of the family" the latter famously being considered incredibly cruel by Western Christians that time.
There are endless examples in this book, examples of how the poorest and weakest of the society had to survive.
In the meantime, today we love to focus on the rich and powerful like samurai, shogun and rich merchants of Edo period, and how Japan was "sophisticated".
That's not the reality, the life was cruel, people were cruel. 
But do we dismiss them only as "cruel"?
Parents who had to select which babies would survive, did they have a choice?
What did the government do while the rich had their sophisticated lives?
The sad history of villages attaching trading ships or another village to eat, were they merely cruel?

In one chapter they specifically talk about female.
Female are always the victim, especially when the time is hard.
Female were considered impure and inferior. They were always fighting, in society, in family, with elder female members. 
How dare they give birth to more mouths to feed, it's the female's responsibility and "fault" how insane.
A chapter on women working in the mining was also great, they carry their family, society, finance on their shoulders, and my god they were strong.

This is the kind of history we should learn at school, this is the real history of Japan.

🔽 Where to buy 🔽

●●● Amazon.com (US) ●●●

日本残酷物語〈1〉貧しき人々のむれ (平凡社ライブラリー) Paperback Bunko

Amazon.co.uk (UK)
日本残酷物語〈1〉貧しき人々のむれ (平凡社ライブラリー) Paperback Bunko

Amazon.it (Italy)
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★★★★☆ Tono, a small area in Tohoku, is well known by Japanese for their memorable legends, thanks to this book. If you are interested in local or Japanese ghost and yokai stories, this is where you should begin your quest. 

🔽 log 🔽
The Legends of Tono REMIX
Kunio Yanagida
Natsuhiko Kyogoku
Read 2024.4
check on amazon.com

🔽 Book review and notes 🔽
The original version by Kunio Yanagita was written in 1910, this version I read was "remixed" in 2013 by a mystery writer Natsuhiko Kyogoku.

Tono is in Tohoku region in the north of Japan, not far from the area destroyed by tsunami.
It's not a vast area geographically, but incredibly rich in folklores and probably the only village associated so strongly with their local legends, because of this book.
In other words, we must consider ourselves lucky that Tono's legends are preserved by the folklorist Yanagita, and can't help but wonder how many hundreds of thousands of local stories and legends have been wiped out in history, disappeared like they had never existed.

Even kids outside of Japan know words like "yokai" thanks to a popular anime, and if you are familiar, you recognise many "characters" or concepts in this book.
Monsters or ghost in the mountains, or by the river - you find similar themes in stories of the brothers Grimm, because it is universal. 
Anything outside of your village is dangerous, so is any wider knowledge than what they give you.

It's not written to scare you, it's just a collection of the legends... but I admit it's pretty scary. It doesn't help the fact that I live in a countryside.

The original book was written in 1910, since then there have been many versions, including a manga by Shigeru Mizuki but this version I read was "remixed" by Kyogoku, using more modern Japanese language for today's readers.
When you think about it, Yanagita also collected folklores that were already pretty old then, so it's not unusual that it gets modernised or re-translated time to time, especially if what you are interested in is the actual stories from centuries ago and not the language of 100 years ago.

🔽 Where to buy 🔽

●●● Amazon.com (US) ●●●

The Legends of Tono

●●● Amazon.co.uk (UK) ●●●
The Legends of Tono

●●● Amazon.it (Italy) ●●●
The Legends of Tono (English)